Sport and national identity in Brazil: negotiation around four idols
Keywords:
sport and society, sport heroes, national identity, Brazil.Abstract
Sport, one of the important leitmotivs of modernity, is in centre of the national identities construction. In Brazil it is not different, and there are several examples of the relationship between sport and the construction of identities, especially after the second half of last (short) century. In this paper are presented some aspects of the construction of the national identity through sport, studying the imaginary concerning four Brazilian “national heroes”: the soccer player Pelé, the chess player Mequinho, the driver Ayrton Senna and the tennis player Gustavo Kuerten. For so much we have selected and analysed reports, chronicles and headlines of Brazilians daily newspapers and weekly magazines in several periods between 1970 and 2000. The results suggest important differences in the construction of each one of the “heroes”: Pelé as the black people's representative in a racist country; Mequinho as “the brain of nation”; Senna as the man who dominates the machine; Kuerten represents, however, the image of a “good boy” of fair play. These “heroes” and their mythological images, in spite of their contradictions, seem to be reconciled in the social imaginary that represents Brazilian identity also in other social fields beyond sports.
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