Showing socialism through sport: Hungarian technicians and teams in Africa in the early 1960s.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20868/mhd.2024.26.5056Palavras-chave:
Hungary, Africa, cultural diplomacy, football.Resumo
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the cultural diplomacy of the two blocs began to focus on countries emerging from the process of decolonisation. The aim was to establish economic relations and influence their future development. Sport remained a privileged field for this cultural diplomacy, especially for the Hungarian People's Republic. Nevertheless, Hungarian cultural diplomacy had clear obstacles, product of the limitations Hungary had at the time: little coordination with the other countries of the Eastern Bloc and and extremely limited spending capacity.
Downloads
Referências
Augustin, Jean-Pierre. “Sport, décolonisation et relations internationales. L’exemple de l’Afrique noire”. In Sport et relations internationales, sous a direction de Pierre Arnaud and Alfred Wahl. Metz: Centre de Recherche Histoire et Civilisation de l’Université de Metz, 1994.
Beaufils, Julien. “Le quotidien d’une ‘école rouge’. La politisation protéiforme du sport en République Démocratique Allemande, à l’exemple de la Deutsche Hochschule für Körperkultur de Leipzig (1969-1990)”. Phd Thesis, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3, 2019.
Berstein, Serge. The Republic of de Gaulle, 1958-1969. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1989.
Brizzi, Riccardo and Nicola Sbetti. Storia della coppa del mondo di calcio (1930-2018). Politica, sport, globalizzazione. Firenze: Le Monnier, 2018.
Chakrabarty, Dipesh. “The Legacies of Bandung: Decolonization and the Politics of Culture”. In Making a World after Empire. The Bandung Movement and its Political Afterlives, ed. by Christopher J. Lee. Athens: Ohio UP, 2010.
Charitas, Pascal. “Imperialism in the Olympics of the Colonization in the Postcolonization: Africa into the International Olympic Committee, 1910-1965”. International Journal of Sport History 32, no. 7 (2015): 909-22.
Darby, Paul. “’Let us Rally Around the Flag’: Football, Nation-Building, and Pan-Africanism in Kwame Nkrumah’s Ghana”. The Journal of African History 54, no. 2 (2013): 224-51.
Deville-Danthu, Bernadette. Le sport en noir et blanc. Du sport colonial au sport african das les anciens territoires français d’Afrique occidentale (1920-1965). Paris : L’Harmattan, 1997.
Dietschy, Paul. Storia del calcio. Vadano al Lambro: Paginauno, 2014.
Fülöp, Mihály and Péter Sipos. Magyarország külpolitikája a XX. Században [Hungary’s Foreign Policy in the Twentieth century]. Budapest: Aula, 1998.
Hazan, Baruch A. “Sport as an Instrument of Political Expansion: The Soviet Union in Africa”. In Sport in Africa. Essays in Social History, ed. by William J. Baker and James A. Mangan. New York-London: Holmes & Meier, 1987.
Hollósi, Gábor. “Magyarország kulturális egyezményei afrikai államokkal (1957-1993)” [Hungary's cultural agreements with African countries]. Iustum Aequum Salutare 6, no. 2 (2012): 45-59.
Iandolo, Alessandro. “The Rise and Fall of the ‘Soviet Model of Development’ in West Africa, 1957-1964”. Cold War History 12, no. 4 (2012): 683-704.
Iandolo, Alessandro. Arrested Development: The Soviet Union in Ghana, Guinea and Mali, 1955-1968. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 2022.
Kálnoki Kis, Attila. “Elhunyt a világválogatott röplabdázónk” [Our world national volleyball player has died]. 24.hu, 8 de febrero de 2012. https://24.hu/sport/2012/02/08/elhunyt-a-vilagvalogatottroplabdazonk/.
Katsakioris, Constantin. “The Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and Africa in the Cold War: The Educational Ties”. Working Paper 16 (2019), Leipziget Universitätsverlag. https://research.uni-leipzig.de/~sfb1199/app/uploads/2019/04/wp16_katsakioris-et-al_web_190419.pdf.
Lesnykh, Lidia, “Sport at the World Festival of Youth and Students: between Olympic Ideals and Socialist Internationalism”. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/
PMC7739573/pdf/fspor-02-567095.pdf.
Malonyai, Péter. Aranykór [Gold disease]. Budapest: Novotrade, 1989.
Mark, James and Péter Apor. “Socialism Goes Global: Decolonization and the Making of a New Culture of Internationalism in Socialist Hungary, 1956-1989”. The Journal of Modern History 87, no. 4 (2015): 862-91.
Muehlenbeck, Philip. Czechoslovakia in Africa 1945-1968. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
Nicolas, Claire and Philippe Vonnard. “Ohene Dijan. A Pan-Africanist Activist Taking Over Fifa?”. Staps 125, no. 3 (2019): 49-68.
Parks, Jenifer. “Welcoming the ‘Third World’. Soviet Sport Diplomacy, Developing Nations and the Olympic Games”. In Diplomatic Games. Sport, Statecraft, and International Relations Since 1945, ed. by Heather L. Dichter and Andrew L. Johns, 90-107. Lexington: Kentucky UP, 2014.
Peppard, Victor and James Riordan. Playing Politics: Soviet Sport Diplomacy to 1992. London: Jai Press, 1993.
Romsics, Ignác. Hungary in Twentieth Century. Budapest: Osiris, 1999.
Sbetti, Nicola. Giochi di potere. Olimpiadi e politica da Atene a Londra 1896-2012. Firenze: Le Monnier, 2012.
Schmidt, Elizabeth. Cold War and Decolonization in Guinea, 1946-1958. Athens: Ohio UP, 2007.
Szegedi, Péter. “A cionizmustól a futballgazdaságig. A Makkabi Brno az első világháború után” [From the sionisim to the football richness. The Makkabi Brno after First World War]. Múlt és Jövő, no. 1 (2006): 69-84.
Szikora, Katalin. “Sport and the Olympic Movement in Hungary (1945-1989)”. In The Shadow of Totalitarianism: Sport and the Olympic Movement in the Visegrád Countries 1945-1989, ed. by Mark Waic.
Prague, 131-96. Prague: Charles University, 2015.
Takács, Tibor. Büntető terület. Futball és hatalom a szocialista korszakban [Penalty area. Football and power in the socialist era]. Budapest: Jaffa, 2018.
Tarrósy, István. “Magyarország Afrika-politikája a kommunista korszakban és a postszovjet érában” [Hungary's Africa policy in the communist era and the post-Soviet era]. In Magyarország és Afrika
-2025 [Hungary and Africa], szerkesztett Viktor Marsai Viktor and Nagyné Rózsa Erzsébet. Budapest: Dialóg campus, 2020.
Venuti, Lorenzo. “Vasas Terni, FTC Siena e Honvéd Sassuolo: propaganda ungherese in Italia attraverso lo sport negli anni dopo la Rivoluzione (1957-1960)”. In Italia e Ungheria tra una rivoluzione e l’altra. Storia, letteratura, cultura, mondo delle idee (1956-1989), a cura di Francesco Guida-Zoltán Turgonyi. Perugia: Morlacchi, 2023.
Winrow, Gareth M. The foreign policy of the GDR in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990.
Witherspoon, Kevin B. “’An outstanding representative of America’: Mal Whitfield and America’s Black Sports Ambassadors in Africa”. In Defending the American Way of Life. Sport, Culture, and the Cold War, ed. by Toby C. Rider and Kevin B. Witherspoon. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2018.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Secção
Licença
Os autores que têm publicações nesta revista aceitam os seguintes termos:
a. Os autores conservarão os seus direitos autorais e garantirão à revista o direito de primeira publicação da sua obra, que estará simultaneamente sujeita à Licença de Reconhecimento Creative Commons que permite a terceiros partilhar a obra desde que o seu autor e a sua primeira publicação nesta revista sejam indicados.
b. Os autores podem adoptar outros acordos de licença não exclusiva para a distribuição da versão publicada da obra (por exemplo: depositá-la num arquivo telemático institucional ou publicá-la num volume monográfico), desde que seja indicada a publicação inicial nesta revista.
c. Os autores são autorizados e encorajados a divulgar o seu trabalho através da Internet (por exemplo, em arquivos telemáticos institucionais ou no seu website) antes e durante o processo de submissão, o que pode levar a trocas interessantes e aumentar as citações do trabalho publicado. (Ver O Efeito de Acesso Aberto).