Datos climáticos experimentales a largo plazo para la evaluación del confort energético y térmico en el entorno construido
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20868/ade.2025.5509Palabras clave:
cambio climático, Año Meteorológico Típico (TMY), escenarios climáticos futuros, confort térmico, demanda energeticaResumen
Para definir estrategias adaptadas de mitigación y adaptación al cambio climático, la metodología propuesta ofrece ventajas significativas. Este enfoque se basa en la generación de un Año Meteorológico Típico (TMYe) experimental actualizado para la ciudad de Madrid, utilizando variables meteorológicas registradas desde 2008. Además de comparar este TMYe con el ampliamente utilizado archivo climático International Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC), se proyectaron diferentes escenarios futuros para 2050 y 2080 siguiendo trayectorias socioeconómicas compartidas. Por último, se evaluaron los indicadores de impacto a nivel climático, urbano y de edificios. Los resultados indican que tanto el TMYe como sus proyecciones revelan climas cada vez más cálidos y secos, sobre todo en verano, con temperaturas medias estivales de 32 °C y un 26% de humedad en 2080 si no se toman medidas. Esto implica un aumento sustancial de las noches tropicales, un mayor índice de incomodidad térmica y un valor significativo de los grados-hora de refrigeración, no sólo en verano, sino también en primavera y otoño.
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