Estudio de la durabilidad de Hormigones y Morteros reforzados por residuos industriales (Fibras Metálicas) = Study of the durability of Concretes and Mortars reinforced by industrial waste (Metallic Fibers)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20868/ade.2019.4364Keywords:
Fibras metálicas, Valorización, Metallic Fibers, Valorization, Durability, Concretes, MortarsAbstract
Durante mucho tiempo, los residuos han alimentado varias cadenas de valor. Ante esta problemática, se han buscado cadenas de valor en ingeniería civil. Esta operación de recuperación reúne una ventaja económica y una cuestión medioambiental. El proceso de valorización en el ámbito de la construcción permite dar respuesta a múltiples problemas, tales como: la preservación de las reservas naturales de áridos mediante la valoración de los materiales de sustitución de las obras de ingeniería civil, y la reducción del transporte y de las emisiones de CO2. La gestión de los desechos sólidos es una de las principales preocupaciones ambientales del mundo. Con la reducción de los espacios para vertederos y debido a su elevado coste, el uso de residuos se ha convertido en una alternativa atractiva disponible para diversas aplicaciones. Por otro lado, la sostenibilidad es un objetivo de calidad para el ingeniero. La durabilidad del material de hormigón en su entorno se considera una preocupación importante en el sector de la construcción. El mecanismo de degradación química de este material es su descalcificación gradual en el tiempo en contacto con un entorno agresivo. Esta degradación provoca cambios en las propiedades fisicoquímicas y mecánicas del hormigón. Para evaluar experimentalmente la durabilidad del hormigón, hay que estudiar su comportamiento en relación con una serie de mecanismos que podrían degradarlo. El problema se puede tratar como la durabilidad del hormigón en ambientes agresivos. En este estudio se investigó el efecto de la adición de residuos industriales (fibras metálicas) sobre la durabilidad de hormigones y morteros que contienen un 10% de fibras en sustitución del cemento. Los resultados presentados se refieren a los obtenidos con las siguientes pruebas: Prueba de humectación-secado, prueba de lixiviación monolítica, ataque químico y evaluación de resistencia a la compresión mediante prueba de oscultación sónica.
Abstract
For a long time, waste has fuelled several value chains. Faced with this problematic, value chains in civil engineering have been sought. This recovery operation brings together an economic advantage and an environmental issue. The process of valorization in the field of building and construction makes it possible to answer to multiple problems, such as: the preservation of the natural reserves of aggregates by the valuation of the materials of substitution for the works of civil engineering, and the reduction of the transport and CO2 emissions. Solid waste management is one of the main environmental concerns in the world. With the shrinking of spaces for landfilling and because of its high cost, the use of waste has become an attractive alternative made available for various applications. On the other hand, sustainability is a quality goal for the engineer. The durability of the concrete material in its environment is considered a major concern in the building sector. The mechanism of chemical degradation of this material is its gradual decalcification over time in contact with an aggressive environment. This degradation causes changes in the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the concrete. To experimentally evaluate the durability of concrete, one must study its behaviour in relation to a number of mechanisms that could degrade it. The issue can be treated as the durability of concrete in aggressive environments. In this study, we investigated the effect of the addition of industrial waste (metallic fibers) on the durability of concretes and mortars containing 10% of fibers in substitution of cement. The results presented concern those obtained with the following tests: Wetting-Drying Test, Monolith Leaching Test, Chemical Attack and Evaluation of Compression Resistance by Sonic Auscultation Test.
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