Visual attention towards building façades in the most energy vulnerable neighbourhoods in Madrid and the relaxing effect of visual coherence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20868/tf.2023.21.5240Palabras clave:
Diseño de edificios, Salud ambiental de las viviendas, Percepción de los entornos construidos, Malestar subjetivo informado, Entorno construido sostenible, Building design, Environmental health of housing, Perception of built environmentsResumen
Resumen
Este estudio forma parte del proyecto mateMad que tiene como objetivo optimizar los materiales urbanos para hacer que los barrios desfavorecidos sean más habitables y sostenibles. El objetivo de este estudio preliminar es analizar la atención visual y el compromiso humano-fachada hacia las fachadas de edificios en barrios desfavorecidos en Madrid con el fin de crear barrios hermosos, sostenibles e inclusivos. La falta de simetría a lo largo del eje vertical y un tamaño geométrico no similar de las ventanas, mantenimiento deficiente, falta de transparencia de las ventanas y homogeneidad en color y textura resultaron en una mayor angustia subjetiva reportada, mientras que la simetría horizontal/vertical y la misma forma/tamaño de ventana resultaron en menos angustia.
Abstract
This study is part of the mateMad project that aims to optimize urban materials to make deprived neighbourhoods more liveable and sustainable. The objective of this preliminary study is to analyse visual attention and human-façade engagement towards building façades in deprived neighbourhoods in Madrid to the end of creating beautiful, sustainable, and inclusive neighbourhoods. A lack of symmetry along the vertical axis and a-similar geometrical size of windows, poor maintenance, non-transparency of windows, and non-homogeneity in colour and texture resulted in more reported subjective distress, whereas horizontal/vertical symmetry and same window shape/size resulted in less.
Descargas
Referencias
AUBERT-KHALFA, S., ROQUES, J., & BLIN, O. (2008). Evidence of a decrease in heart rate and skin conductance responses in PTSD patients after a single EMDR session. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 51-56. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.51
BOWER, I., TUCKER, R., & ENTICOTT, P. G. (2019). Impact of built environment design on emotion measured via neurophysiological correlates and subjective indicators: A systematic review. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 66. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.101344
BRAUN, V., & CLARKE, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. doi:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
BRIELMANN, A. A., BURAS, N. H., SALINGAROS, N. A., & TAYLOR, R. P. (2022). What happens in your brain when you walk down the street? implications of architectural proportions, biophilia, and fractal geometry for urban science. Urban Science, 6(1), doi:10.3390/urbansci6010003
MARTÍN-CONSUEGRA, F., PEIRÓ, M. N., ALONSO, C., SANCHEZ-GUEVARA, PÉREZ, G., ARRANZ, B. (2022). PLEA 2022 SANTIAGO targeting the most energy vulnerable. Conference : PLEA Santiago 2022. https://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/special_issues/PLEA_2022
DE LA FUENTE SUAREZ, L.A. (2020). Subjective experience and visual attention to a historic building : A real-world eye-tracking study. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 9, 774-804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2020.07.006
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. (2022a). Shifting health challenges. Retrieved on December 01, 2022, from https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/shifting-health-challenges_en
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. (2022b). Not lagging behind anymore : from lonely places to places of opportunities. Retrieved on December 01, 2022,
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. (2022c). New european Bauhaus : About the initiative. Retrieved on December 01, 2022, from https://new-european-bauhaus.europa.eu/about/about- initiative_en
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. (2022d). Mental Health. Retrieved on December 01, 2022, from https://health.ec.europa.eu/non-communicable-diseases/mental-health_en
EUROPEAN COMMISSION. (2022e). Europe shifts to more densely populated cities. Retrieved on December 01, 2022,
HERNÁNDEZ AJA, A. et al. (2018). Barrios vulnerables de las grandes ciudades españolas. 1991/ 2001/ 2011. Instituto Juan de Herrera. IJH, Madrid. ISBN 978-84-9728-568-1.
HOLLANDER, J. B., SUSSMAN, A., LOWITT, P., ANGUS, N., & SITU, M. (2021). Eye-tracking emulation software: A promising urban design tool. Architectural Science Review, 64(4), 383-393. doi:10.1080/00038628.2021.1929055
KIM, D., BAE, H., & CHON PARK, Y. (2008). Validity of the subjective units of disturbance scale in EMDR. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2(1), 57-62. doi:10.1891/1933-3196.2.1.57
LAVDAS, A. A., SALINGAROS, N. A., & SUSSMAN, A. (2021). Visual attention software: A new tool for understanding the “Subliminal” experience of the built environment. Applied Sciences, 11(13), 6197, doi:10.3390/app11136197
LE, A. T. D., PAYNE, J., CLARKE, C., KELLY, M. A., PRUDENZIATI, F., ARMSBY, E., WILKINS, A. J. (2017). Discomfort from urban scenes: Metabolic consequences. Landscape and Urban Planning, 160, 61-68, doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.12.003
LISIŃSKA-KUŚNIERZ, M., & KRUPA, M. (2020). Suitability of eye tracking in assessing the visual perception of Architecture—A case study concerning selected projects located in cologne. Buildings, 10(2), 20. doi:10.3390/buildings10020020
LÓPEZ-MORENO, H., NÚÑEZ-PEIRÓ, M., SÁNCHEZ-GUEVARA, C., & NEILA, J. (2022). On the identification of homogeneous urban zones for the residential buildings’ energy evaluation. Building and Environment, 207, 108451. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108451
LÓPEZ-MORENO, H., SÁNCHEZ EGIDO, M. N., GIANCOLA, E., FERRER TEVAR, J.A., GONZÁLEZ NEILA, F.J., & CASTRO., S.S. (2020). Outdoor Thermal Comfort Approach in Summer Season for the City of Madrid Influence of Urban Typologies in Microclimate and the Outdoor Thermal Sensation. Planning Post Carbon Cities. Proceedings of the 35th PLEA Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture., https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497497947
MARTÍN-CONSUEGRA, F., GÓMEZ GIMÉNEZ, J. M., ALONSO, C., CÓRDOBA HERNÁNDEZ, R., HERNÁNDEZ AJA, A., & OTEIZA, I. (2020). Multidimensional index of fuel poverty in deprived neighbourhoods. case study of madrid. Energy and Buildings, 224, 110205. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110205
NOY, C. (2008). Sampling knowledge: The hermeneutics of snowball sampling in qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 327-344. doi: 10.1080/13645570701401305
RAJENDRAN, L. P., BOYKO, C. T., COULTON, C. J., HALE, J. D., & COOPER, R. F. D. (2020). A socio-spatial approach to enable inclusive well-being in cities: A case study of birmingham, UK. Social Sciences (Basel), 9(6), 109. doi:10.3390/socsci9060109
ROKACH, A., & BOULAZREG, S. (2022). The COVID-19 era: How therapists can diminish burnout symptoms through self-care. Current Psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.), 41(8), 5660-5677. doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01149-6
SALINGAROS, N. A., & SUSSMAN, A. (2020). Biometric pilot-studies reveal the arrangement and shape of windows on a traditional façade to be implicitly “Engaging”, whereas contemporary façades are not. Urban Science, 2020, 4(2), 26, doi:10.3390/urbansci4020026
SEAMON, D. (2007). Christopher Alexander and a Phenomenology of Wholeness. Retrieved on December 01, 2022,
SKOP, M. (2016). The art of body mapping: A methodological guide for social work researchers. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work, 28(4), 29-43. doi:10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss4id295
SHAPIRO, F. (1989). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2(2), 199-223. doi:10.1002/jts.2490020207
SHAPIRO, F. (2014). The role of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in medicine: Addressing the psychological and physical symptoms stemming from adverse life experiences. The Permanente Journal, 18(1), 71-77, doi:10.7812/tpp/13-098
ULRICH, R. S., SIMONS, R. F., LOSITO, B. D., FIORITO, E., MILES, M. A., & ZELSON, M. (1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 201-230, doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80184-7
WAGEMANS, J., et al. (2012). A century of gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. perceptual grouping and figure–ground organization. Psychological Bulletin, 138(6), 1172-1217. doi:10.1037/a0029333
WEBER, R., CHOI, Y., & STARK, L. (1995). The impact of formal properties on eye movement during the perception of architecture, Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 19(1), 57-69, doi:10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.32
WILKINSON. R., PICKET, K. (2010). The Spirit Level: Why Equality Is Better for Everyone, New Edition ed. London and New York: Penguin
ZHANG, L., LI, X., LI, C., ZHANG, T. (2022). Research on visual comfort of color environment based on eye-tracking method in subway space. Journal of Building Engineering, 59, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.105138
