Diseño de edificios de energía positiva. Autosuficiencia energética e integración solar fotovoltaica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2025.158.5448Palabras clave:
edificios de energía casi nula, edificios de energía positiva, autosuficiencia energética, indicadores para integración fotovoltaica, optimización del diseño arquitectónico, diseño envolvente de edificios, BIPVResumen
Ante la emergencia climática y la necesidad de transformar el modelo energético, la arquitectura debe asumir un papel activo. La transición hacia edificios que generen su propia energía es clave para abandonar las fuentes fósiles. A nivel urbano, cada edificio debe maximizar el uso de recursos sostenibles y equilibrarlos con su entorno.
El estudio analiza trece edificios de oficinas NZEB y PEB en climas oceánicos con datos reales de uso. A partir de estos datos, se ha creado una base homogénea para evaluar la relación entre parámetros arquitectónicos, climáticos y energéticos. Se identifican ratios clave que vinculan diseño, consumo y generación de energía fotovoltaica, y localización, para culminar proponiendo indicadores aplicables en la fase inicial de diseño de futuros edificios autosuficientes.
La principal contribución de este trabajo es una herramienta de apoyo al diseño que utiliza datos reales pensada para ser aplicada de manera secuencial en la fase inicial de diseño de edificios PEB. Su objetivo es orientar el diseño para la toma de decisiones arquitectónicas efectivas en la integración de sistemas fotovoltaicos, tanto en la cubierta como en la fachada.
La principal conclusión en es que la sensibilidad por maximizar la captación de energía solar tiene un impacto evidente en el lenguaje arquitectónico contemporáneo, tanto en las estrategias de diseño como en las ecotecnologías adoptadas, impulsando una evolución tanto en la escala del diseño de los edificios como a escala urbana.
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