Evolución del índice de estrés por calor de la ciudad de Madrid mediante el modelo climático UrbClim de la Agencia Espacial Europea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20868/ade.2025.5387Palabras clave:
Índice de estrés por calor, modelo UrbClim, zonas climáticas locales, mitigación del calor, clima urbanoResumen
El calentamiento global está generando importantes incrementos de la temperatura ambiental que está afectando a la calidad de vida de las personas. Hoy en día, el 30% de la población mundial reside en lugares que cuentan con condiciones climáticas de calor extremo y se espera que se incremente al 74% en las próximas dos décadas. En esta investigación se ha analizado la evolución que ha experimentado el índice de estrés por calor (Hi) entre los años 2008, 2012 y 2017 en las diferentes Zonas Climáticas Locales (ZCL) de la ciudad de Madrid mediante el modelo climático UrbClim de la Agencia Espacial Europea. Mediante imágenes satelitales Landsat 5 y 8 y para cada ZCL, se han tenido en cuenta las siguientes variables: Índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada y el índice de edificación de diferencia normalizada. Nuestros resultados reportan que se ha producido entre los años un importante crecimiento de los valores de estrés por calor siendo mayor en las ZCL de uso urbano (ZCL-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 y 9) y menor en las ZCL de uso rural (ZCL-A, B, C, D, E, F y G). Por tanto, es necesario el aumento de zonas y espacios verdes y el empleo de fachadas y cubiertas vegetales en las zonas urbanas al objeto de aumentar la resistencia al calor de las areas urbanas.
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