La ciudad participativa. Formas de trabajo colaborativo aplicadas a la planificación urbana. Los casos de las ciudades menguantes americanas: Baltimore, Detroit y Filadelfia = The participatory city. Collaborative working methods applied to urban planning. The case of American shrinking cities: Baltimore, Detroit, and Philadelphia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20868/ciur.2023.150.5225
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La segunda mitad del Siglo XX en Estados Unidos supuso la puesta en marcha de una serie de iniciativas federales que distribuyeron fondos para el desarrollo suburbano y de infraestructura, dejando los tejidos urbanos de las ciudades deteriorados y a sus barrios diezmados en población y sin recursos, provocando el surgimiento de iniciativas que han asumido el autodesarrollo de proyectos empleando una amplia gama de enfoques participativos como metodología. Esta intersección entre una urgente crisis urbana y una metodología con gran potencial para el urbanismo conforma el marco histórico y teórico en el que se desarrolla este trabajo. Partiendo de la pregunta: ¿Es posible generar impacto urbano con la implementación de metodologías participativas como parte fundamental del proyecto de diseño y planificación urbana?, se examinan estas iniciativas, estableciendo una genealogía de modelos de participación ciudadana que suponen un marco común para analizar la participación en urbanismo. La investigación busca aportar una serie de estrategias de las cuales el urbanista pueda disponer a la hora de realizar su trabajo con una comunidad, y redefinir su papel como el agente capaz de gestionar procesos de diseño participativos y mediar entre la comunidad y las instituciones en la realización de un proyecto urbano.
Abstract
The second half of the 20th century in the United States saw the implementation of a series of federal initiatives that distributed funds to suburban and infrastructure development, leaving the urban fabric of cities deteriorated and their neighborhoods decimated in population and without resources, causing the emergence of initiatives that have assumed the self-development of projects using a wide range of participatory approaches as methodology. This intersection between an urgent urban crisis and a methodology with great potential for urbanism conforms the historical and theoretical framework for this work. From the question: Is it possible to generate urban impact with the implementation of participatory methodologies as a fundamental part of the urban planning and design project? these initiatives are examined establishing a genealogy of citizen participation models that represent a common framework to analyze participation in urban planning and design. The research seeks to provide a series of strategies for the urban planner to use when carrying out their work with a community, and to redefine their role as the agent capable of managing participatory design processes and mediating between the community and the institutions in the realization of an urban project.
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Editado en Madrid por Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio (ETSAM), UPM.