Estudio de los efectos de diferentes combinaciones de materiales repelentes de agua y fibras de piassaba (Aphandra natalia) en morteros de cemento = Study of the effects of different combinations of water-repellent agents and supplementary cementing materials on piassaba fibers (Aphandra natalia) in cement mortars.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20868/ade.2020.4500Palabras clave:
Piassaba, Aphandra Natalia, Mortero de cemento, Cement mortar, Natural rubber latex, Flax seed oil, Rice husk ashes, Silica fume, Burned recycled mortar powder finesResumen
Esta investigación trata sobre el desarrollo y caracterización de un nuevo mortero de cemento reforzado con fibras de piassaba. El objetivo es obtener un material con una cantidad reducida de compuestos de hidróxido de calcio en las superficies de las fibras. Se evaluaron fibras no tratadas, fibras tratadas con hidróxido de calcio y fibras tratadas con combinaciones de agentes hidrófobos y materiales cementantes suplementarios (SCM). La morfología de las fibras se estudió mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Las propiedades químicas de SCM se analizaron mediante la técnica de espectroscopia de fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX). Además, se estudió la degradación de las fibras con y sin tratamientos en una solución de hidróxido de sodio. Se discutieron las propiedades físicas (densidad aparente, porosidad abierta, coeficiente de absorción de agua por inmersión y capilaridad) y las propiedades mecánicas del mortero endurecido (resistencia a la flexión y módulo de elasticidad). Después de la prueba de flexión, se retiraron las fibras de los tubos de ensayo y se analizaron mediante microscopía óptica. Los resultados muestran, en primer lugar, que el látex de caucho natural es mejor adherente y tiene mayor compatibilidad con el SCM que el aceite de semilla de lino, y por otro lado, las cenizas de cáscara de arroz (RHA) tienen mayor compatibilidad con el polímero y el aceite. Y finalmente, que el efecto combinado del látex de caucho natural y los finos en polvo de mortero reciclado quemado (BRMF) sobre la superficie de la fibra mejoran el comportamiento del mortero a los 28 días, y pasado ese tiempo se ve comprometida la durabilidad
Abstract
This research is about the development and characterization of a new cement mortar reinforced with piassaba fibers. The aim is to obtain a material with a reduced amount of compounds of calcium hydroxide on the fiber surfaces. Untreated fibers, calcium hydroxide treated fibers, and treated fibers with combinations of hydrophobic agents and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) were evaluated. Fiber morphology was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SCM chemical properties were analyzed through the technique of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (FRX). Furthermore, the degradation of the fibers with and without treatments was studied in a sodium hydroxide solution. The physical properties (apparent density, open porosity, water absorption coefficient by immersion and capillary), and the mechanical properties of the hardened mortar (flexural strength and modulus of elasticity) were discussed. After the test of flexing, the fibers were removed from the test tubes and they were analyzed by light microscopy. The results show, first that the natural rubber latex is better adherent and has greater compatibility with the SCM than the flax seed oil, and on the other hand, the rice husk ashes (RHA) have greater compatibility with the polymer and oil. And finally, that the combined effect of natural rubber latex and the burned recycled mortar powder fines (BRMF) on the fiber surface improve the performance of the mortar after 28 days, and after that time the durability is seen compromised.
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