Arquitectura y medioambiente: una bibliografía crítica = Architecture and Environment: a Critical Bibliography

Eduardo Prieto González


DOI: https://doi.org/10.20868/cn.2021.4754

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Resumen

La tradición historiográfica y crítica de la arquitectura se ha sostenido en conceptos —los estilos, los autores, las sociedades, las culturas, los modos de producción— tomados en su mayor parte de los enfoques formalistas propios de la Historia del Arte. Se trata de conceptos que han dado pie a relatos elaborados de ‘arriba abajo’ donde no han tenido cabida otros temas más infraestruc­turales como el entorno, los recursos materiales, el confort y la experiencia corporal. Con todo, existe una tradición bibliográfica con una prosapia corta, pero rica y original, cuyo tema ha sido la relación de la arquitectura con el campo semántico amplio y complejo que hoy cubre la palabra ‘medioambiente’; una tradición que ha estado definida tanto por los paradigmas medioambienta-les de la arquitectura del siglo xx —paradigmas higienista, tecnocráctico, bioclimático, ecológico, termodinámico y sostenible— cuanto por los paradigmas estéticos y filosóficos de otras discipli­nas —paradigmas estructuralista, antropológico, fenomenológico, atmosférico, antropotécnico o ecológico ‘profundo’—. Hoy, este bagaje bibliográfico tiende a enriquecerse y ampliarse por medio de las herramientas analíticas, hermenéuticas y críticas de la historia en cuanto disciplina para dar pie a una nueva y necesaria ‘historia medioambiental de la arquitectura’.

Abstract

The historiographic and critical tradition of architecture has been sustained by concepts— styles, authors, societies, cultures, modes of production—taken for the most part from the formalistic approaches pertaining to the History of Art. These are concepts that have given rise to elaborate ‘top-down’ stories where more infrastructural issues—such as the environment, material resources, comfort, and bodily experience—have not had a place. Nevertheless, there is a bibliographic tradition—of short lineage, yet rich and original— that has tackled architecture’s relationship with the broad and complex semantic field now encompassed in the word ‘environment’; a tradition defined as much by the environmental paradigms of 20th-century architecture—hygienist, technocratic, bioclimatic, ecological, thermodynamic, and sustainable paradigms—as by the aesthetic and philosophical paradigms of other disciplines—structuralist, anthropological, phenomenological, atmospheric, anthropotechnical, and ‘deep’ ecological paradigms. Today this bibliographic baggage tends to be enriched and expanded by means of the analytical, hermeneutical, and critical tools of history, in pursuit of a new and necessary ‘environmental history of architecture’.


Palabras clave


Arquitectura; medioambiente; bibliografía; crítica; historia medioambiental; architecture; environment; bibliography; critique; environmental history

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