Evaluación del impacto en la salud (EIS) del transporte urbano: su aplicación en Medellín = Health impact assessment (HIA) of urban transport: Its application in Medellin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20868/tf.2022.20.5144
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Resumen
Las condiciones del planeamiento urbano y el transporte de las ciudades impactan en la salud de sus habitantes. El artículo revisa los diferentes modelos de evaluación del impacto en la salud (EIS) del transporte urbano y explora su aplicación en Medellín. Los modelos utilizados para análisis cuantitativos EIS siguen un método de comparación de riesgos, estimando el peso global de una enfermedad y comparándolo con el valor recomendado por la comunidad científica. Para el caso de Medellín, se explora la combinación de dos modelos que estudian el número de muertes prevenibles si se alcanzan los niveles recomendados de: actividad física, contaminación del aire, ruido, aumento de temperaturas, acceso a áreas verdes y accidentes de tráfico fatales. A pesar de las limitaciones, los resultados obtenidos con modelos EIS pueden orientar la toma de decisiones y promover niveles de exposición que favorezcan la prevención de muertes prematuras.
Abstract
Urban and transport planning conditions in cities have an impact on the health of their inhabitants. This research reviews the different models of health impact assessment (HIA) of urban transport and explores their application in Medellín. Quantitative HIA models consider a risk comparison method, estimating the global burden of disease and comparing it with the value recommended by the scientific community. For Medellin, the combination of two models is explored to study the number of preventable deaths when reaching the recommended levels of: physical activity, air pollution, noise, increased temperatures, access to green areas and fatalities. Despite the limitations, results from EIS models can guide decisions making and promote exposure levels that favor the prevention of premature deaths.
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