Public-private partnerships in the real estate sector in Colombia: risk assessment matrix and risk = Alianzas público privadas en el sector inmobiliario en Colombia: una propuesta de matriz y asignación de riesgos

Daniela González, Jose Luis Ponz Tienda, Laura Gutiérrez-Bucheli, Mateo Bonilla


DOI: https://doi.org/10.20868/bma.2018.3.3841

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Resumen


Abstract

The implementation of Public-Private Partnerships in infrastructure projects in Colombia has proven to be an efficient and innovative opportunity in the execution and management of projects that contribute to the development of the country. As expected, the increase in the use of these associations in infrastructure encourages other sectors to carry out their projects under the same figure. Currently, in the real estate sector, some projects that seek to maximize their benefits and mitigate their risks through the experience of the public entity and the private companies are under study, or in the structuring or execution phase. However, given its recent application, the real estate sector does not have a risk matrix to guide its parties regarding the risks each must assume. In this work, a first model of this matrix is constructed for the case of Colombia. This model will be supported by research from various national and international sources and studies. Additionally, based on the found information, an identification of the most frequent risks and those responsible for their prevention and mitigation are assigned. This process allowed us to conclude that the existing matrix used in the PPPs of the real estate sector in Colombia is very general and, therefore, does not consider several evident risks like for example political, those that consider the relationship between the involved parties and the residual risk. For risk allocation, it is proposed the public sector to be responsible for political risks and at least for most of the legal risks. In the case of technical, market and general project management risks, the private sector must assume the higher percentage. Finally, social and environmental/natural risks must enter negotiation to be assigned to the party that best manage them and at a lower cost.

Resumen

La implementación de asociaciones público privadas en los proyectos de infraestructura de Colombia, ha demostrado ser una oportunidad eficiente e innovadora en la ejecución y gestión de proyectos que contribuyen al desarrollo del país. Como es de esperarse, el aumento del uso de estas asociaciones en infraestructura incentiva a otros sectores a realizar sus proyectos bajo la misma figura. En la actualidad, en el sector inmobiliario se encuentran en estudio, estructuración o ejecución algunos proyectos que buscan maximizar sus beneficios y mitigar sus riesgos, a través de la experiencia de la entidad pública y la empresa privada. Sin embargo, dada su reciente aplicación, el sector inmobiliario no cuenta con una matriz de riesgos que oriente a sus partes respecto a los riesgos que debe asumir. En este trabajo, se construye un primer modelo de dicha matriz para el caso de Colombia. Este se encontrara soportado por la investigación de diversas fuentes y estudios nacionales e internacionales. Adicionalmente, se realiza una identificación de riesgos y se asignan los responsables de la prevención y mitigación de los mismos. Este proceso permitió concluir que la matriz existente usada en las APPs del sector inmobiliario en Colombia, es muy general ya que no tiene en cuenta varios riesgos evidentes como por ejemplo los riesgos políticos, la relación entre las partes involucradas y el riesgo residual. Para la asignación de riesgos, se propone que el sector público se encargue de los riesgos políticos y al menos de la mayoría de los legales. En el caso de los riesgos técnicos, de mercado y los de gestión en general del proyecto, el sector privado debe asumir un mayor porcentaje. Finalmente, los riesgos sociales, ambientales/naturales, deben entrar en negociación con el fin de ser asignados a la parte involucrada que mejor sabe manejarlos y a un menor costo.

Palabras clave


Public-private partnership (PPP); risk matrix; risk allocation; real estate; Colombia; Alianza público privada (APP); matriz de riesgos; asignación de riesgos; sector inmobiliario; Colombia

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