Describing the urban form: morphometric indexes = Describiendo la forma urbana: índices morfométricos

Nicolás Ramírez, Afshin Afshari, Julián García


DOI: https://doi.org/10.20868/bma.2017.2.3554

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Abstract

Characterizing the urban form of cities from an aerodynamic point of view is essential to forecast pollutant dispersion, to implement and understand natural ventilation strategies or to enhance outdoor thermal comfort and pedestrian wind environment, to name a few. Nonetheless, accurate results make use, normally, of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations, wind tunnel experiments and/or field measurements. However, these methodologies are expensive, time consuming and sometimes impossible to carry out. Therefore, simplified ways of characterizing a city aerodynamically must be put forward to bridge this gap. Two of the most common aerodynamic parameters, namely z0 (roughness length) and zd (zero displacement length), can be related to the morphometry of the urban shape through simple morphometric indexes. This paper explores and analyses these indexes, and suggests an alternative and improved definition that might achieve more accurate results.

Resumen

Caracterizar la forma urbana de las ciudades desde un punto de vista aerodinámico es esencial para poder prever la dispersión de contaminantes, para implementar y comprender las estrategias de ventilación natural o para mejorar el control térmico en exteriores o el ambiente de viento peatonal, por citar sólo algunos casos. Para cualquiera de estos análisis, si se desea disponer de valores de cierta precisión es habitual emplear simulaciones mediante dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD), experimentos en túnel de viento y/o tomas de datos de campo. Estos métodos, sin embargo, implican una inversión económica y temporal que en ocasiones no es posible realizar. El empleo de métodos simplificados para caracterizar la ciudad desde un punto de vista aerodinámico puede ayudar a hacer más sencillos estos procesos. Dos de los parámetros aerodinámicos más habituales, z0 (rugosidad superficial) y zd (longitud desplazamiento cero) pueden ponerse en relación con la morfometría de la forma urbana a través de índices morfométricos simples. Esta comunicación explora y analiza estos índices, y sugiere una definición alternativa y mejorada que puede posibilitar resultados más ajustados.


Palabras clave


Morphometric indexes; Aerodynamic parameters; City; Urban form; Índices morfométricos; Parámetros aerodinámicos; Ciudad; Forma urbana

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